Telling if a cat is unwell can be tricky since they often try to hide signs of illness. However, there are some key behaviours and physical changes to look out for. Here are common signs that a cat might be unwell:

1. Changes in Appetite

• Loss of appetite or sudden increase in eating could indicate health problems.
• Weight loss or gain, especially if it’s rapid, can be a red flag.

2. Changes in Drinking Habits

• Increased thirst or drinking excessively can be signs of kidney disease, diabetes, or hyperthyroidism.
• Reduced water intake can also be a sign of illness, especially if combined with lethargy.

3. Lethargy or Weakness

• If your cat is sleeping more than usual, avoiding play, or seems weak when walking, they could be feeling unwell.
• A cat that is unusually quiet, or reluctant to move, may be experiencing pain or discomfort.

4. Behavioural Changes

• Unusual aggression or withdrawal can indicate that something is wrong.
• A cat that suddenly becomes very clingy or, conversely, avoids interaction might be feeling sick.

5. Vomiting or Diarrhoea

• Occasional vomiting (e.g., hairballs) is normal for some cats, but frequent vomiting or diarrhea can be signs of digestive issues or infections.
• Any change in stool consistency or colour (e.g., black, bloody, or very pale stools) should be investigated.

6. Respiratory Changes

• Coughing, sneezing, or laboured breathing can indicate respiratory infections, asthma, or heart issues.
• Nasal discharge (clear or coloured) or difficulty breathing should be addressed quickly.

7. Changes in Urination

• Frequent urination or straining to urinate, especially if accompanied by blood in the urine, can indicate urinary tract infections or blockages.
• Increased or decreased urination may also signal kidney issues, diabetes, or other conditions.

8. Hiding or Avoidance

• Cats that are usually social but suddenly start hiding or avoiding their usual spots may be feeling unwell or in pain.
• Cats in pain often retreat to quiet, dark spaces to rest.

9. Changes in Grooming Habits

• Cats that are unwell may groom less frequently or over-groom certain areas.
• Poor coat condition, such as matted fur or a greasy appearance, can signal health issues.

10. Eyes, Ears, and Nose

• Discharge from the eyes or nose, or squinting, can indicate infections.
• Dilated or constricted pupils that don’t react to light could point to a neurological issue.
• Ear scratching or shaking of the head might indicate an ear infection or mites.

11. Painful Movements

• If your cat is limping, avoiding jumping, or seems stiff, they may be experiencing pain, such as from arthritis or an injury.
• Cats might hide their pain well, but changes in how they move can give clues.

12. Foul Odours

• A bad breath (halitosis) or unpleasant odour from the body can be indicative of dental disease or other health problems.

13. Behavioural or Cognitive Changes

• In older cats, signs of cognitive dysfunction (similar to dementia in humans) may include confusion, disorientation, or changes in litter box habits.

If you notice any of these signs and they’re persistent or worsening, it’s a good idea to have your cat seen by a veterinarian. Early intervention is key to addressing potential health issues and ensuring a better outcome for your pet.