Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease in dogs, caused by several different viruses and bacteria. The primary culprits are the Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterium, canine parainfluenza virus, and sometimes canine adenovirus or canine distemper virus.

Dogs typically get kennel cough in environments where they are in close contact with other dogs, such as:

1. Dog Kennels or Boarding Facilities:

• High-risk environments: These places have many dogs in close proximity to each other, making it easier for infections to spread.

2. Dog Parks or Playgroups:

• Dogs that share common areas (e.g., dog parks, pet stores, grooming salons) can spread the infection through respiratory droplets or close contact.

3. Veterinary Clinics:

• If a dog comes into contact with an infected dog, the virus or bacteria can be transmitted through surfaces, such as floors, bedding, or shared air.

4. Other High-Traffic Areas:

• Events like dog shows, pet expos, or even walking your dog in a densely populated area can increase the risk of exposure.

How Is It Spread?

• Aerosol transmission: When an infected dog coughs, sneezes, or even breathes, tiny droplets containing the virus or bacteria are released into the air and can be inhaled by another dog.
• Direct contact: Dogs can also contract the illness by licking or sniffing the face of an infected dog.
• Contaminated surfaces: The bacteria or virus can live on surfaces like water bowls, toys, floors, or bedding. A dog can become infected by touching these surfaces and then licking its paws, face, or nose.

Symptoms of Kennel Cough:

• Persistent cough (often described as a “honking” sound)
• Sneezing
• Nasal discharge
• Mild lethargy or reduced appetite
• In some cases, fever (though this is less common)

Prevention:

• Vaccination: There are vaccines available for Bordetella bronchiseptica (one of the main culprits) and other pathogens, which can help reduce the severity or prevent infection.
• Avoiding high-risk areas: Limiting exposure to places where many dogs congregate (especially if they are unvaccinated or not showing symptoms) can reduce the risk.
• Good hygiene: Ensure your dog avoids shared water bowls or toys, and if you’re at a dog park or kennel, make sure it’s a clean and well-maintained environment.
• Isolation: If your dog is diagnosed with kennel cough, it should be kept away from other dogs to avoid spreading the illness.

Treatment:

In many cases, kennel cough resolves on its own in about 1 to 3 weeks. However, if symptoms worsen or a secondary bacterial infection develops, a vet may prescribe antibiotics or other medications. In rare cases, severe forms of kennel cough can develop, leading to pneumonia, especially in puppies, older dogs, or those with weakened immune systems.